One of Asia's biggest slums has confirmed its first coronavirus death as top Indian doctors warn that the country must prepare to face an "onslaught" of cases that could cripple the health system to levels far beyond what Europe and the United States are experiencing.
A 56-year-old man died due to Covid-19-related illness in Dharavi slum, in the Indian financial capital of Mumbai on Wednesday.
The patient, who had no travel history, died hours just after testing positive for coronavirus while being transferred to a local hospital, Kiran Dighavkar, an official with Mumbai's Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) told CNN.
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Several of the man's family members have been tested and placed under home quarantine, and the block of 300 homes and 90 shops that make up his densely packed neighborhood have been sealed off to prevent further infections.
On Thursday, a 52-year-old sweeper who works for the BMC in Dharavi also tested positive for coronavirus.
Home to around 1 million people, Dharavi slum has a population density almost 30 times greater than New York -- about 280,000 people per square kilometer.
Doctors say the situation would be unmanageable if a sustained coronavirus outbreak spread rapidly through one of India's many slums, where there is little sanitation or running water and thousands of people live cheek by jowl -- making social distancing physically and economically impossible.
This is the second coronavirus-related death reported in Mumbai's slums since the outbreak began, BMC officials confirmed with CNN. A 63-year-old man who tested positive for the virus on Tuesday was a resident of Malvani slum area and passed away later that evening.
Dr. Naresh Trehan, chairman and managing director of the Medanta-the Medicity hospital in Gurugram, near New Delhi, said it was vital that authorities know whether a slum has an outbreak.
"Once we know that one slum has got it, and we lock it down, and we feed everybody and we keep them isolated for the next two weeks, we keep them well fed, it will work its way out. We will know the critical ones, and the ones who are mild, they can be quarantined at home, and the population at large can be monitored," Trehan said.
It comes as cases in India nearly doubled in four days, with many of the new infections linked to a religious gathering in the capital New Delhi. India has identified 154 attendees from the Tableegi Jamat gathering who have tested positive cases across the country, said Luv Agarwal, senior official with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
India reported more than 230 new cases on Friday -- bringing the national total to 2,547 and 62 deaths.
Doctors in the country told CNN that India needed to prepare for a large-scale community transmission and it was essential that the public abide by the 21-day national lockdown that was imposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi last week.
"We are already seeing evidence of it (community transmission). How widespread it is, we don't know," said Trehan.
"My fear is, is that no matter how much preparation we do, if it peaks, we will not have even a fraction of what we need, by way of beds, by way of ventilators, by way of PPEs (personal protective gear), everything."
Learning the lessons from Europe and US
India's leading doctors have been watching closely as the virus has spread rapidly around the US and Europe, overwhelming robust health care systems, as medical staff struggle to treat thousands of patients with dwindling supplies and protective gear.
"This is a virus which has defied all possible predictions," said Dr. Arvind Kumar, chairman of the Center for Chest Surgery at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi. "Could you have imagined patients in their dozens dying in a single hospital in the US in a day?"
Kumar said that the Indian government's unprecedented decision to restrict the movement and daily life of its 1.3 billion citizens for three weeks was the best chance the country had to identify potential virus hotspots and it offered precious time to order and manufacture sorely needed protective gear and ventilators.
"Two weeks down the line, our hospitals will have far more protective equipment than they had two weeks back, so it's a dynamic situation where ventilators, personal protective equipment, hazmat suits, all other ancillary facilities are being produced at mass scales and being supplied to various hospitals," he said.
Doctors say they hope the lockdown will delay the peak of infections so hospitals have a fighting chance to treat incoming caseloads. "God forbid if we were to reach a situation like Europe we just would not be able to handle it," Kumar said.
Dr. Om Shrivastav, director of Infectious Diseases at Kasturba Hospital in Mumbai, said his worst fear is that India only starts preparing for the crisis "after it's on our hands."
According to Shrivastav, there is still time, however, as India's peak number of cases is still likely to be weeks away."
Every country that has been through their peak of this infection has had a different process, so we'll know in the coming four to eight weeks, that is the time period we should be prepared for," said Shrivastav.
Already taking on board those lessons is Trehan, who runs a hospital that cared for 14 Italian tourists who tested positive for coronavirus early last month.
He said they have built a wealth of data on treatment methods and commonalities of symptoms that they will share with the medical community.
"We are studying the patterns in its entirety now, and we will be able to learn from what happened to these 14 because they were concentrated in one group," he said.
Of the 14 they treated, all have now tested negative and most have left the facility, he said.
